BUJUMBURA, Burundi (Burundi Times) — Burundi’s official 2024 census recorded a total population of 12,332,788, according to newly released government data—figures that differ from World Bank estimates, which projected nearly 13 million in 2023. The latest count marks Burundi’s fourth official census, following previous ones in 1979, 1990, and 2008.
The census also revealed a balanced gender ratio, with 6,412,482 women (52%) and 5,920,306 men (48%), reflecting a slight female majority.
Key Demographic Trends
Burundi remains a rural-majority nation, with 8,941,243 people (72.5%) living in rural areas, while 3,391,545 (27.5%) reside in urban areas—a notable increase in urbanization compared to 15% in 2005.
Most and Least Populated Areas
- Bujumbura is the most populous area, with 1,236,145 residents.
- Cankuzo Province, the least populated region, has only 379,634 inhabitants.
The capital Gitega has seen significant growth, reflecting its administrative importance since becoming the political capital in 2019.
Birth Rates and Youth Population
Burundi remains one of the youngest nations, with over 60% of its population under 25 years old. The birth rate, while still high at 37 births per 1,000 people, has declined from 42 per 1,000 in 2005.
Economic and Social Implications
The rapid population increase has strained infrastructure, healthcare, and education services. The unemployment rate has climbed to 14% in 2024, compared to 9% in 2005.
“These numbers highlight the urgent need for sustainable economic policies,” said an official from the National Institute of Statistics. “We must invest in youth employment and education to secure long-term growth.”
Despite these challenges, Burundi’s GDP grew by 3.3% in 2023, according to the World Bank, but economic hardships persist, with over 65% of Burundians living below the poverty line.
With projections indicating that Burundi’s population could reach 20 million by 2040, policymakers are focusing on urban expansion, family planning, and job creation. Experts urge the government to align national statistics with international data for better policy planning.
As Burundi adapts to its rapid demographic growth, the 2024 census provides critical insights that will shape future development strategies.
Burundian Migration and Refugee Trends: A Global Overview
In recent years, Burundians have faced significant migration due to political instability, particularly following the 2015 unrest surrounding the controversial presidential election. As of 2023, over 315,000 Burundians were registered as refugees and asylum seekers, with the majority fleeing to neighboring countries. Tanzania hosts the largest number, followed by Rwanda, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Kenya. The migration has largely been driven by a search for safety and stability, with families seeking refuge in countries within East Africa and beyond.
Since 2017, there has been a substantial repatriation effort, with more than 200,000 Burundian refugees returning home, assisted by the UNHCR.
The Burundian diaspora, especially in Europe, North America, and Australia, plays a vital role in supporting families back home through remittances, which totalled approximately $ 197.8 million in 2023 representing about 7.5% of the country’s GDP according to the World Bank.
These remittances significantly contribute to the livelihoods of many Burundians, providing essential financial stability for those still living in Burundi. The migration patterns of Burundians highlight the resilience of the population in the face of hardship, as they seek both safety and opportunities for a better future.
